Energy Sustainability
Biofuels and bioenergy sources are pivotal components of South Africa’s environmental and energy strategies. Recognised as key elements within the government’s Green Transport Strategy and the Integrated Resource Plan, these resources are integral to the nation’s efforts to transition towards more efficient and sustainable energy solutions. This strategic emphasis aligns with global environmental objectives and underscores the country’s commitment to reducing its carbon footprint through cleaner, renewable energy sources.
The shift towards biofuels gained significant momentum in 2006 when South Africa began phasing out lead in petrol. This move, in conjunction with the implementation of Cleaner Fuels regulations, paved the way for bioethanol to emerge as an important fuel additive. Bioethanol effectively enhances the octane rating of vehicle fuels, improving engine performance and efficiency. The adoption of bioethanol not only supports the reduction of harmful emissions but also aligns with broader national goals of fostering a greener economy and enhancing energy security.
The use of ethanol as a fuel additive has historical precedence, particularly noted in North America during the late 1980s when it was introduced to gasoline with the goal of reducing carbon monoxide emissions. As an oxygenate, ethanol promotes more complete combustion of fuel, thereby minimising the emission of pollutants. The global demand for ethanol saw a significant increase following the ban of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in 2000, an alternative oxygenate linked to environmental and health concerns. This historical context highlights the ongoing evolution and increasing importance of bioethanol in the global pursuit of cleaner fuel alternatives, a trajectory that South Africa is actively following to meet its environmental and energy efficiency goals.
The use of grain sorghum as a feedstock for Mabele Fuels’ bioethanol production exemplifies a sustainable approach to bioenergy in the context of the country’s reliance on fossil fuels and challenging water scarcity issues. Over 95% of South Africa’s grain sorghum is cultivated under rain-fed conditions, which means it does not rely on irrigation – a significant advantage in regions where water resources are limited. This characteristic of sorghum not only ensures a lower water footprint for bioethanol production but also supports agricultural practices that are more adaptable to the local climate and less burdensome on the country’s water supplies.